Helium resonance lamp and a leak detection system using the lamp

ABSTRACT

A helium resonance lamp having a hollow cylindrical body including dielectric walls has a reentrant coaxial hollow element integral within said body and extending from one end thereof with an electrical conductor within said hollow element. A window partially transparent to 584A encloses the other end of said body. A hollow arm is integral with and extends from the body and contains a getter. High purity helium is maintained within the body at a pressure of 0.1 to 100 torr. The lamp is placed within a chamber connected to a vacuum system to be tested. Helium gas is sprayed near the suspected leak in the system. Helium entering the chamber from the system is detected and displayed.

United States Patent [191 Young [4 1 *Sept. 9, 1975 HELIUM RESONANCE LAMP AND A LEAK DETECTION SYSTEM USING THE LAMP [76] Inventor: Robert A. Young, R.R. No. 2,

Loretto, Ontario, Canada Notice: The portion of the term of this patent subsequent to Nov. 26, 1991, has been disclaimed.

[22] Filed: July 12, 1974 21 Appl. No.: 488,184

Primary Examiner-Davis L. Willis Attorney, Agent, or Firm-John E. Benoit [5 7] ABSTRACT A helium resonance lamp having a hollow cylindrical body including dielectric walls has a reentrant coaxial hollow element integral within said body and extending from one end thereof with an electrical conductor within said hollow element. A window partially transparent to 584A encloses the other end of said body. A hollow arm is integral with and extends from the body and contains a getter. High purity helium is maintained within the body at a pressure of 0.1 to 100 torr. The lamp is placed within a chamber connected to a vacuum system to be tested. Helium gas is sprayed near the suspected leak in the system. Helium entering the chamber from the system is detected and displayed.

5 Claims, 2 Drawing Figures I 1 I I I I I IIIIr'III III "I I PATEHTEI] SEP 1975 RADIATION DETECTOR COUNTER i n uu RESQNANQELAMP AND A. LEAK. DETECTION SYSTEM USlNfi rm; M

M The present ,Iinyention relates broadly to apparatus for and a method of leak detection in vacuum systems. Morespecifically, the inyention relates to a helium resonance lamp and a system using such a lamp for such leak-detection. A I

Available means for. detecting, small leaks in vacuum systems require high vacuum pumping. This-results: in the necessity of large. and relatively expensiveequipment.

It is an object of thisinvention to provide ahelium resonance lamp.

It is a further object of this invention to provide a means for determining small leaks in a vacuum system using a helium resonance lamp.

Yet another object of this invention is to provide a small, light weight device for detecting small leaks in a vacuum system.

These and other objects will become apparent from the following description taken together with the drawings wherein:

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a cross-section of the helium resonance lamp of the present invention; and

FIG. 2 is schematic illustration of the leak detection system of the present invention.

Turning now to FlG. 1 there is shown therein a preferred embodiment of a helium resonance lamp used in the present invention. The basic structure of the lamp is described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 426,616 now U.S. Pat. No. 3,851,214, entitled Low Power Sealed Optically Thin Resonance Lamp, filed in the name of the present inventor.

Basically, the lamp 11 comprises a hollow cylindrical body 13 having a dielectric wall, such as glass, with a reentrant coaxial hollow glass element 17 located centrally within body 13. An electrical conductor 19 is connected to a source of RF energy 20. An integral arm 16 extends from cylindrical body 13 and contains a material 18 which acts as a getter such as uranium or barium. A gas permeable filter 22 such as glass frit maintains material 18 in position. Cylindrical body 13 is filled with high purity helium and a thin window 23, preferably of aluminum, is provided so as to pass only the desired radiation.

Window 23 is partially transparent to 584A radiation. The helium gas within cylindrical body 13 is maintained at a presssure between 0.1 and 100 torr.

Thus, there is provided a helium resonance lamp having an emission at substantially 584A with a thin, i.e. lOOOA, window partially transparent to 584A radiation. The window 23 is designed so as to be able to withstand high pressure when immersed in a gas mixture such as a mixture wherein one of the components is helium at a pressure between 0.1 and 100 torr.

The cylindrical body may be covered by an electrically conductive material 21 which is electrically grounded as is schematically shown. An example of a means for accomplishing this is when cylindrical lamp body 13 is enclosed within a close fitting conductive housing which is grounded. Therefore, the lamp body is effectively sheathed by a grounded conductive ele ment. This element completes the necessary path for electrical excitation by RF source 20.

When lamp 1] is electronically excited by the RF source 20, helium radiation is passed by the window and absorbed by He outside the lamp and, subsequently, this energy is either radiated at 584A or transferred'from the helium to other components of the gas mixture. This transfer may occur either directly, or through collisions of electronics, whose energy has been increased by super-elastic interactions with excited helium, or as a consequence of ion neutralization (either witha free electron or;with an attached electron in the form ofa negative ion). For use in a- He leak detector re-emission of 584A radiation predominates because of the low pressure outside the lamp window.

Of thematerials which pass 584A, aluminum is preferred for practical reasons.

Turning now to FIG. 2 there is shown a system using the helium resonance lamp of FlG. l in a helium leak detecting system.

The helium lamp 37 is mounted so that the aluminum window 39 extends within a gas chamber 36. The gas chamber is connected to the system 38 which is to be subjected to the testing for leaks therein. in the usual manner, the system is subjected to helium gas which is sprayed near possible leak locations in the system. The output of the system under test is connected by valve 59 to the chamber 36 and by valve 61 to an exhaust system. If the system is such that it should require a vacuum pumping system, such a system could be connected to the output of valve 61.

Also mounted for viewing purposes in the wall of chamber 36 is a helium resonance radiation detector 43, such as an aluminum windowed geigcr counter or photomultiplier. The output of the detector 43 is supplied to a counter 49 whose output is then displayed by device 51 which may be either visual or aural, or both.

The helium lamp 37 projects helium resonance radiation at 584A through a collimator 41 adjacent the aluminum window 39 to the scattering volume within the gas chamber 36. If there is helium present in the gas supplied from the test system it will be detected by its scattering of 584A radiation, which is measured by detector 43. The output pulses from this detector is counted by counter 49 for a fixed time (approximately 1 to seconds) and the photon detection rate may then be displayed by display device 51. The higher the count rate the more helium there is in the scattering volume within the gas chambers 36.

Both the resonance lamp 37 and the detector 43 are part of the vacuum scattering chamber wall which constitutes the chamber 36. This chamber also has light traps 55 and 57 opposite the lamp and the detector respectively.

The helium leak detector of FIG. 2 replaces a standard high vacuum pump, and mass spectrometer, with a helium ion detector which are usually used when applying the helium leak detection method.

The system of FlG. 2 possesses numerous advantages over the previous known methods of detecting small leaks in vacuum systems such as the ability to operate at much higher pressures than the presently used techniques. Further there is no high vacuum pumping requirement and the device is less expensive and contains more reliable components. Additionally, the device is of a smaller size and lighter in weight which provides a greater portability. The device of the present invention also has high sensitivity when used in a continuous pump mode and a much higher sensitivity when used in the closed off pressure build up mode.

The above description and drawings are illustrative only since equivalents could be substituted without departing from the invention. Accordingly, the invention is to be limited only by the scope of the following claims. J;

I claim: J' v I l. A helium resonance lamp comprising a hollow cylindrical body having a dielectric wall;

a reentrant coaxial hollow element integral within said body and extending from one end thereof substantially the length of said body;

an electrical conductor within said hollow element;

a hollow arm integral with and extending from said body;

a getter in said hollow arm for removing gases from a conductive grounded sheath about said body. 

1. A helium resonance lamp comprising a hollow cylindrical body having a dielectric wall; a reentrant coaxial hollow element integral within said body and extending from one end thereof substantially the length of said body; an electrical conductor within said hollow element; a hollow arm integral with and extending from said body; a getter in said hollow arm for removing gases from said body; high purity helium within said body at a pressure between 0.1 and 100 torr and a window partially transparent to the resonance radiation of said helium gas at the other end of said body.
 2. The lamp of claim 1 wherein said window is aluminum.
 3. The lamp of claim 1 wherein the getter is uranium.
 4. The lamp of claim 1 wherein the getter is barium.
 5. The lamp of claim 1 further comprising means for connecting an RF source to said electrical conductor; and a conductive grounded sheath about said body. 